There are five Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), and one Special Protection Area (SPA) within the Park, covering one third of the total area (9,515 ha). There is also a RSPB Nature Reserve at Lochwinnoch.
The Renfrewshire Heights SSSI and SPA covers the largest area – 8,947 ha. It consists of upland moorland, mainly overlain by blanket mire, wet and dry heaths, and rough grassland, dominated by heather. The SPA designation was made under EC Directive 79/409 on the Conservation of Wild Birds: a breeding site of European importance for Hen Harriers.
Of the other SSSIs, three are biological, and one geological:
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